Background. Nowadays for a more precise implant rehabilitation, computed tomography images, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were introduced. This technology improved the outcome of implant-based treatment and made it possible to better visualize the underlying bone structures than the standard two-dimensional (2D) radiography, so association between CBCT and CAD-CAM makes it possible to achieve several advantages. aim of this literature review is to assess clinical studies regarding accuracy of 2 digital surgeries methods (tooth supported and mucosupported guides) versus conventional systems. Methods. The present study summarizes information through the articles from 2006 to 2018 available through PubMed and Scopus databases with “ digital implant placement” and “ Accuracy” and “ ComputerAssisted Surgery” as key words. Results. This study has assessed 8 articles which are closely related to our keywords among 20 articles which totally were found. They describe the use of bone and mucosupported guides, demonstrating angular deviations cervically from 0. 50 mm to 4. 22mm and apically ranging from 0. 18mm to 3. 22. For the mandible, a significantly lower 3D error was observed at implant apex and also in angular deviation when comparing to the 3D error of the implants inserted in the maxilla. Conclusions. clinical significance: Computer-guided implant placement can be accurate, but significant deviations have to be taken into account. Randomized studies are needed to analyses the impact of individual parameters in order to allow optimization of this technique. Moreover, the practitioner should have a clear overview on indications and benefits to find the right candidates as patient but we can say that Computer-guided template-based implant placement showed high implant survival rates ranging from 91 to 100%. However, a considerable number of technique-related perioperative complications were observed.

The incidence of deformities is differing from one population to another. Nevertheless, the rates reported are considerably high. Correction of deformities usually takes place by means of orthognatic Surgery, orthodontic treatment or a combination of these procedures. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of complications following orthognatic surgical procedures in patients who had undergone this procedure.Patients were selected from those referred to Taleghani Hospital during 1993 to 1997. An existing data analysis was performed by looking up the patients case notes. Results indicated that: from the total of 101 patients, 16.9 percent were suffering from nerve injury with 4.9 percent suffering from bone segment fracture.

Background and Aim: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) has been widely used in implant dentistry. Recent computer-guided dynamic navigation systems promise an accurate approach to minimally invasive implant placement. Robot-assisted Surgery has been used in dentistry since 2017. The present study aims to review the properties, clinical outcomes, advantages, and limitations of navigation, robotics, and CAD/CAM in implant placement Surgery. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the literature was conducted mainly through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Studies in the English language were considered for inclusion if they evaluated robotics, CAD/CAM, and navigation in implant placement. Finally, 21 articles were selected. Results: Guided implant Surgery is assumed accurate, precise, and reliable,it also has a lower complication rate compared to freehanded implant Surgery. Surgical guides could be indicated for patients with limited mouth opening, tight interdental spaces, a strong gag reflex, and distal implants. Several studies have reported that computerassisted Surgery improves the accuracy of implant placement. Expensive equipment, high costs, and gaps between the guides and drill bite are the disadvantages of digital implant placement. Conclusion: Computer-aided implant navigation systems can improve implant placement outcomes. Digital procedures have shown accurate outcomes in implant Surgery. Despite the advantages of guided Surgery, deviation of implant position from the planned position still occurs. However, improvements in digital dentistry are slowly overcoming these challenges.

Periodontitis can lead to the loss of hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Dental implants have become a reliable treatment modality in recent times, especially with the evolution of digital technology such as CBCT, implant planning software, Computer-Assisted manufacturing, and guided implant Surgery. Documentation of such advancements and their clinical implications would add to the existing knowledge on implant dentistry, encouraging dentists to approach complex implant surgeries confidently. This paper discusses the rehabilitation of missing teeth by applying computerassisted guided implant placement in two cases with deficient bone volume anteriorly and posteriorly in the maxilla, respectively. Digital planning and careful execution have resulted in precise implant placement and complete osseointegration. In these cases, we could devise treatment plans with both anatomical and prosthetic considerations while being minimally invasive and more predictable, with shorter treatment time and greater patient comfort.

This study explored the autonomy of advanced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in reading comprehension through scaffolding and jigsaw in Computer-Assisted and conventional language learning contexts. After being homogenized through the reading section of the DIALANG proficiency test, 80 female, advanced EFL learners with the age range of 21 to 45 were selected as the participants of the study. They were randomly assigned to four groups; experimental group A (scaffolding in a conventional context), experimental group B (scaffolding in a Computer-Assisted context), experimental group C (jigsaw in a conventional context), and experimental group D (jigsaw in a Computer-Assisted context). Next, the autonomy in the reading comprehension (RC) questionnaire, which was designed and piloted by Ebadi and Shirzad (in press), was administered as the pretest. Then, the learners in each group took part in autonomy in reading comprehension training courses for three months (16 sessions). After the treatment, the same autonomy in the RC questionnaire was administered as the posttest. One-way ANCOVA was used to analyze the quantitative data. The results revealed that although both jigsaw and scaffolding approaches were successful in both conventional and Computer-Assisted contexts from pretest to posttest, the scaffolding method proved more effective. Moreover, both the scaffolding and jigsaw approaches were more effective in the Computer-Assisted environment compared to conventional contexts, with the scaffolding CA approach outperforming the jigsaw CA technique. The findings’ implications for learners, teachers, and syllabus designers are discussed in both contexts.